Latch / Trigger Control Unit

10110010 01001101 11010010 00110101 10011010 01100101 11001010 00101101 10010110 01101001 11010100 00101011 10100110 01011010 11001001 00110100 10011011 01100010

01001011 10110100 00101101 11010010 01100101 10011010 00110101 11001010 01010110 10100101 00011010 11100101 01001010 10110101 00101010 11010101 01100010 10011101

11001010 00110101 10011010 01100101 11010010 00101101 10110010 01001101 00110100 11001011 01010110 10101001 00110010 11001101 01100010 10011101 00101010 11010101

00101101 11010010 01100101 10011010 00110101 11001010 01010110 10100101 11001001 00110100 10011011 01100010 11010001 00101110 10110010 01001101 11010010 00110101

10011010 01100101 11010010 00101101 10110010 01001101 00110101 11001010 01010110 10100101 00011010 11100101 01001010 10110101 00101010 11010101 01100010 10011101

01100101 10011010 00110101 11001010 01010110 10100101 11001001 00110100 10011011 01100010 11010001 00101110 10110010 01001101 11010010 00110101 10011010 01100101

11010010 00101101 10110010 01001101 00110101 11001010 01010110 10100101 00011010 11100101 01001010 10110101 00101010 11010101 01100010 10011101 00110010 11001101

00110101 11001010 01010110 10100101 11001001 00110100 10011011 01100010 11010001 00101110 10110010 01001101 11010010 00110101 10011010 01100101 11010010 00101101

10100101 00011010 11100101 01001010 10110101 00101010 11010101 01100010 10011101 00110010 11001101 01100010 10011101 00110010 11001101 01100010 10011101 00110010

01001101 11010010 00110101 10011010 01100101 11010010 00101101 10110010 01001101 00110101 11001010 01010110 10100101 00011010 11100101 01001010 10110101 00101010

11001010 01010110 10100101 11001001 00110100 10011011 01100010 11010001 00101110 10110010 01001101 11010010 00110101 10011010 01100101 11010010 00101101 10110010

10110101 00101010 11010101 01100010 10011101 00110010 11001101 01100010 10011101 00110010 11001101 01100010 10011101 00110010 11001101 01100010 10011101 00110010

SR Latch (NOR-based)

S = 0

R = 0

Latch

Q̄

Q = 0

Q̄ = 1

SET (S) RESET (R)

S	R	Q	Q̄	State
0	0	Q	Q̄	Hold
1	0	1	0	Set
0	1	0	1	Reset
1	1	X	X	Invalid

D Flip-Flop (Edge-Triggered)

D = 0

CLK ↑

D-FF

Rising Edge

Q̄

CLK

Q = 0

Q̄ = 1

Toggle D CLK Pulse ↑

CLK	D	Q(next)	Action
0/1	X	Q	Hold
↑	0	0	Latch 0
↑	1	1	Latch 1

JK Flip-Flop (Toggle)

J = 0

K = 0

Flip-Flop

Q̄

TOGGLE

CLK

Q = 0

Q̄ = 1

J (Set) K (Reset) CLK ↑

J	K	Q(next)	Action
0	0	Q	Hold
1	0	1	Set
0	1	0	Reset
1	1	Q̄	Toggle

T Flip-Flop (Toggle)

T = 0

CLK ↑

T-FF

Toggle

Q̄

TOGGLING

CLK

Q̄

Toggle T CLK Pulse ↑

T	CLK	Q(next)	Action
0	↑	Q	Hold
1	↑	Q̄	Toggle

Control Unit — Instruction Pipeline (Auto-Animated)

📥

Fetch

🔍

Decode

⚙️

Execute

💾

MEM

MemAccess

✅

WriteBack